Static Testing and Dynamic Testing are two distinct approaches to software testing, each serving a specific purpose in ensuring software quality. Here are the key differences between them:

Static Testing:

Timing:

Static Testing: This is performed early in the software development life cycle (SDLC) before the code is executed. It analyzes the software artifacts, such as requirements, design documents, and source code, without running the program.
Purpose:

Static Testing: The primary goal is to identify issues, defects, and anomalies in the software documentation and code. It focuses on improving the quality of these artifacts before they are executed.
Process:

Static Testing: Typically involves manual and automated reviews, inspections, walkthroughs, and code analysis. It's a proactive approach to identifying issues before they manifest as problems during runtime.
Examples:

Static Testing: Includes activities like code reviews, code inspections, peer reviews, and proofreading of documentation. Tools like static code analyzers and linters are also used to detect coding issues.
Typical Use Cases:

Static Testing: Used to ensure that coding standards are followed, to identify design flaws and inconsistencies in requirements, and to detect potential issues in the code early in the development process.
Dynamic Testing:

Timing:

Dynamic Testing: This occurs during the execution of the software. It involves running the software with test cases to observe its behavior and to identify defects that may not be apparent in static analysis.
Purpose:

Dynamic Testing: The primary goal is to evaluate the software's functionality, performance, and reliability by executing it under various conditions and scenarios.
Process:

Dynamic Testing: Involves the creation and execution of test cases, where input data is provided to the software, and the output is compared against expected results. This approach aims to uncover runtime defects and errors.
Examples:

Dynamic Testing: Includes functional testing, integration testing, system testing, performance testing, security testing, and more. Testers interact with the software to validate its behavior.
Typical Use Cases:

Dynamic Testing: Used to verify that the software meets functional requirements, to assess its performance under different loads, and to identify issues like crashes, security vulnerabilities, and memory leaks during runtime.
In summary, static testing focuses on analyzing software artifacts and code without execution to catch issues early in the development process, while dynamic testing involves running the software with test cases to assess its behavior and identify defects during runtime. Both approaches are essential for comprehensive software quality assurance. Software testing Course in Pune